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Ophthalmology Exam

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Exam Procedures

Estimates visual acuity in each eye separatelyTests visual fields by the confrontation methodTests the extraocular eye movementsInspects the pupils for size, shape, equalityTests the pupils for reaction to light, reaction to accommodation and pupillary constrictionInspects the eyelids for position in relation to pupil and iris, condition and direction of eyelashesInspects the areas of the lacrimal glands for edemaInspects the conjunctiva and sclera for color, nodules, edema, or visual sensitivity to lightInspects the cornea of both eyes for opacitiesInspects the lens of each eye for opacitiesAssesses the content and depth of the anterior chamber

Funduscopy Procedures

Demonstrates the proper technique of examining the eyes with an ophthalmoscopeInspects the eyes with the ophthalmoscope identifying: red reflex, optic disc and cup, arterioles, veins, and macular areaInspects the optic disc for clarity of outline, color, elevationInspects the retinal arterioles and veins for size, light reflex and character of AV crossingsInspects the retina for lesions: hemorrhage, exudates, pigment, scarring or detachment

Write-up Examples

Eyes – Visual acuity 20/20 bilaterally. Sclera white, conjunctiva pink. Pupils are 4 mm constricting to 2 mm, equally round and reactive to light and accommodations. Disc margins sharp; no hemorrhages or exudates, no arteriolar narrowing.

Eyes – Visual acuity 20/100 bilaterally. Sclera white; conjunctiva infected. Pupils constrict 3mm to 2 mm, equally round and reactive to light and accommodation. Disc margins sharp; no hemorrhages or exudates. Arteriolar-to-venous ratio (AV ratio) 2:4; no A-V nicking.